Monday, November 5, 2018

Unix / Linux - Shell Builtin Mathematical Functions

Unix / Linux - Shell Builtin Mathematical Functions

The most of the part of this tutorial covered Bourne Shell but this page list down all the mathematical builti-in functions available in Korn Shell. The Korn shell provides access to the standard set of mathematical functions. They are called using C function call syntax.
Sr.No. Function & Description
1 abs
Absolute value
2 log
Natural logarithm
3 acos
Arc cosine
4 sin
Sine
5 asin
Arc sine
6 sinh
Hyperbolic sine
7 cos
Cosine
8 sqrt
Square root
9 cosh
Hyperbolic cosine
10 tan
Tangent
11 exp
Exponential function
12 tanh
Hyperbolic tangent

13 int
Integer part of floating-point number

Unix, Linux System Call


List of Unix, Linux System Calls
accept
access
acct
add_key
adjtimex
afs_syscall
alarm
alloc_hugepages
arch_prctl
bdflush
bind
break
brk
cacheflush
chdir
chmod
chown
chroot
clone2
clone
close
connect
create_module
creat
dup2
dup
epoll_create
epoll_ctl
epoll_wait
execve
exit_group
_exit
exit
_Exit
faccessat
fattch
fchdir
fchmodat
fchmod
fchownat
fchown
fcntl
fdatasync
fdetach
flock
fork
free_hugepages
fstatat
fstatfs
fstat
fstatvfs
fsync
ftruncate
futex
futimesat
getcontext
getcwd
getdents
getdomainname
getdtablesize
getegid
geteuid
getgid
getgroups
gethostid
gethostname
getitimer
get_kernel_syms
get_mempolicy
getmsg
getpagesize
getpeername
getpgid
getpgrp
getpid
getpmsg
getppid
getpriority
getresgid
getresuid
getrlimit
get_robust_list
getrusage
getsid
getsockname
getsockopt
get_thread_area
gettid
gettimeofday
getuid
getunwind
gtty
idle
inb
inb_p
init_module
inl
inl_p
inotify_add_watch
inotify_init
inotify_rm_watch
insb
insl
insw
intro
inw
inw_p
io_cancel
ioctl
ioctl_list
io_destroy
io_getevents
ioperm
iopl
ioprio_get
ioprio_set
io_setup
io_submit
ipc
isastream
kexec_load
keyctl
kill
killpg
lchown
linkat
link
listen
_llseek
llseek
lock
lookup_dcookie
lseek
lstat
madvise
mincore
mkdirat
mkdir
mknodat
mknod
mlockall
mlock
mmap2
mmap
modify_ldt
mount
move_pages
mprotect
mpx
mq_getsetattr
mremap
msgctl
msgget
msgop
msgrcv
msgsnd
msync
multiplexer
munlockall
munlock
munmap
nanosleep
_newselect
nfsservctl
nice
obsolete
oldfstat
oldlstat
oldolduname
oldstat
olduname
openat
open
outb
outb_p
outl
outl_p
outsb
outsl
outsw
outw
outw_p
path_resolution
pause
perfmonctl
personality
pipe
pivot_root
poll
posix_fadvise
ppoll
prctl
pread
prof
pselect
ptrace
putmsg
putpmsg
pwrite
query_module
quotactl
readahead
readdir
read
readlinkat
readlink
readv
reboot
recvfrom
recv
recvmsg
remap_file_pages
renameat
rename
request_key
restart_syscall
rmdir
rtas
rt_sigaction
rt_sigpending
rt_sigprocmask
rt_sigqueueinfo
rt_sigreturn
rt_sigsuspend
rt_sigtimedwait
sbrk
sched_getaffinity
sched_getparam
sched_get_priority_max
sched_get_priority_min
sched_getscheduler
sched_rr_get_interval
sched_setaffinity
sched_setparam
sched_setscheduler
sched_yield
security
select
select_tut
semctl
semget
semop
semtimedop
sendfile
send
sendmsg
sendto
setcontext
setdomainname
setegid
seteuid
setfsgid
setfsuid
setgid
setgroups
sethostid
sethostname
setitimer
setpgid
setpgrp
setpriority
setregid
setresgid
setresuid
setreuid
setrlimit
set_robust_list
setsid
setsockopt
set_thread_area
set_tid_address
settimeofday
setuid
setup
sgetmask
shmat
shmctl
shmdt
shmget
shmop
shutdown
sigaction
sigaltstack
signal
sigpending
sigprocmask
sigqueue
sigreturn
sigsuspend
sigtimedwait
sigwaitinfo
socketcall
socket
socketpair
splice
spu_create
spufs
spu_run
ssetmask
statfs64
statfs
stat
statvfs
stime
stty
swapcontext
swapoff
swapon
symlinkat
symlink
sync_file_range
sync
_syscall
syscall
syscalls
_sysctl
sysctl
sysfs
sysinfo
syslog
tee
tgkill
time
timer_create
timer_delete
timer_getoverrun
timer_gettime
timer_settime
times
tkill
truncate
tux
umask
umount2
umount
uname
undocumented
unimplemented
unlinkat
unlink
unshare
uselib
ustat
utime
utimes
vfork
vhangup
vm86
vm86old
vmsplice
vserver
wait3
wait4
wait
waitid
waitpid
write
writev


Unix, Linux Commands


List of Unix, Linux Commands
[a] [b] [c] [d] [e] [f] [g] [h] [i] [j] [k] [l] [m]
[n] [o] [p] [q] [r] [s] [t] [u] [v] [w] [x] [y] [z]
  accept
accton
acpid
addftinfo
addpart
addr2line
adduser
agetty
alias
alternatives
amtu
anacron
animate
anvil
apachectl
apm
apmd
apmsleep
appletviewer
apropos
apt
ar
arbitron
arch
arp
arping
as
aspell
at
atd
atq
atrm
atrun
attr
audispd
auditctl
auditd
aulast
aulastlog
aureport
ausearch
ausyscall
authconfig
autoconf
autofs
automount
autoreconf
autoscan
autoupdate
autrace
avcstat
avctrl
awk
  badblocks
base64
basename
bash
bashbug
batch
bc
bccmd
bg
bind
bison
blkid
blockdev
bmp2tiff
booleans
bounce
break
builtin
builtins
bunzip2
bzcat
bzcmp
bzdiff
bzgrep
bzip2
bzless
bzmore
  c++filt
cal
callback
cancel
cat
cd
chage
chat
chattr
chcat
chcon
checkmodule
checkpolicy
chfn
chgrp
chkconfig
chmod
chown
chpasswd
chroot
chrt
chsh
chvt
ciphers
ciptool
cjpeg
cksum
cleanlinks
cleanup
clear
clockdiff
clusterdb
cmp
col
colcrt
colrm
column
combinediff
comm
command
compare
compgen
compile_et
complete
composite
conjure
conman
conmand
continue
convert
convertquota
cp
cpan
cpio
cpp
cpuspeed
crash
createdb
createlang
createuser
cron
crond
crontab
cryptsetup
csh
csplit
ctags
cupsctl
cupsd
curl
cut
cvs
cvsbug
cyradm
cytune
  date
dc
dd
deallocvt
debugfs
declare
defer
deliver
delpart
depmod
df
dfutool
dgst
diff
diffstat
dig
dir
dircolors
dirname
dirs
discard
disown
display
distcache
djpeg
dmesg
dmidecode
dmraid
dmsetup
dnsdomainname
dnsmasq
doexec
domainname
dos2unix
dosfsck
doxygen
doxytag
dprofpp
dropdb
droplang
dropuser
dsa
dsaparam
du
dump
dund
dvipdf
  ec
echo
ecparam
ed
editdiff
edquota
egrep
eject
elinks
emacs
enable
enc
env
envsubst
eqn
error
errstr
esd
esdcat
esdctl
esddsp
esdfilt
esdloop
esdmon
esdplay
esdrec
esdsample
espdiff
etags
ethtool
eval
eventlogadm
ex
exec
execstack
exit
expand
export
exportfs
expr
extcheck
  factor
faillog
false
fancontrol
fastjar
fax2ps
fax2tiff
fbset
fc
fdformat
fdisk
fetchmail
fg
fgconsole
fgrep
file
filefrag
filterdiff
find
find2perl
findchip
findfs
findsmb
finger
fixcvsdiff
fixfiles
flipdiff
flock
floppy
flush
fmt
fold
font2c
fonttosfnt
formail
free
fsadm
fsck
ftp
fud
funzip
fuser
  g++
gawk
gcc
gccmakedep
gcj
gcjh
gcov
gctags
gdb
gdbserver
gdbtui
gendiff
gendsa
genhomedircon
genhostid
genrsa
geqn
getenforce
getent
getfacl
getfattr
getkey
getkeycodes
getopt
getopts
getsebool
gettext
gfdl
ghostscript
gif2tiff
gij
gindxbib
gjnih
glookbib
gnroff
gpasswd
gpg
gpg.ru
gpgv
gpic
gpm
gprof
grefer
grep
grepdiff
grepjar
grmic
grmiregistry
grn
grodvi
groff
groffer
grohtml
grolbp
grolj4
grops
grotty
groupadd
groupdel
groupmod
groups
grpck
grpconv
grpunconv
grub
grubby
gs
gtroff
gunzip
gzexe
gzip
  hald
halt
hash
hcid
hcitool
hdparm
head
help
hexdump
history
host
hostid
hostname
htdbm
htdigest
htpasswd
httpd
hwclock
  icclink
iconv
id
identify
idmapd
ifconfig
ifnames
ifrename
igawk
imake
imapd
import
imtest
indxbib
info
infocmp
infokey
infotocap
init
initdb
initlog
innochecksum
insmod
install
installsieve
instmodsh
interdiff
intro
ionice
ip
ip6tables
ipcalc
ipcclean
ipcrm
ipcs
iptables-restore
iptables-save
iptables
iptstate
ipurge
irattach
irdadump
irdaping
irnetd
irpsion5
irqbalance
isadump
isaset
isosize
  jade
jarsigner
java
javac
javadoc
javah
javap
javaws
jconsole
jdb
jinfo
jmap
jobs
join
jpegicc
jpegtran
jps
jsadebugd
jstack
jstat
jstatd
jwhois
  kbd_mode
kbdrate
keytool
kill
killall
kinit
klist
klogd
kpartx
ksh
ktab
kudzu
  last
lastb
lastcomm
lastlog
lchage
lchfn
lchsh
ld
ldconfig
ldd
less
lessecho
lesskey
let
lftp
lftpget
libnetcfg
lid
link
links
lkbib
lmtp
lmtpd
lmtptest
ln
lndir
lnewusers
loadkeys
loadunimap
local
locale
localedef
locate
lockd
lockfile
logger
login
logname
logout
logresolve
logrotate
logsave
logwatch
look
lookbib
losetup
lp
lpadmin
lpasswd
lpc
lpinfo
lpmove
lpoptions
lppasswd
lpq-cups
lpq
lpr
lprm
lpstat
ls
lsattr
lsdiff
lshal
lsmod
lsof
lspci
lspcmcia
lsusb
ltrace
lwresd
  m4
mac2unix
mail
mailq
make
makedepend
makeg
makestrs
makewhatis
man
man2html
manpath
map
mapscrn
master
matchpathcon
mattrib
mbadblocks
mbchk
mbexamine
mbpath
mcat
mcd
mclasserase
mcookie
mcopy
md5sum
mdadm
mdassemble
mdeltree
mdir
mdmpd
mdu
mergelib
mesg
mev
mformat
mgetty
minfo
mingetty
mkbootdisk
mkdir
mkdirhier
mkdosfs
mke2fs
mkfifo
mkfontdir
mkfontscale
mkfs.ext2
mkfs.ext3
mkfs
mkhtmlindex
mkinitrd
mklost+found
mkmanifest
mkmapfile
mknod
mkswap
mktemp
mlabel
mmd
mmount
mmove
modinfo
modprobe
mogrify
montage
more
mount
mountd
mountpoint
mpartition
mrd
mren
msgattrib
msgcat
msgcmp
msgcomm
msgconv
msgen
msgexec
msgfilter
msgfmt
msggrep
msginit
msgmerge
msgunfmt
msguniq
mshowfat
msql2mysql
mtools
mtoolstest
mtr
mtype
multipath
multipathd
mupdatetest
mutt
mv
mysql
mysqlaccess
mysqladmin
mysqlbinlog
mysqlbug
mysqlcheck
mysqld
mysqld_multi
mysqld_safe
mysqldump
mysqldumpslow
mysqlhotcopy
mysqlimport
mysqlman
mysqlmanager
mysqlshow
mysqlslap
mysqltest
mzip
  named
namei
nameif
nano
nash
nc
neqn
net
netplugd
netreport
netstat
newaliases
newgrp
newusers
nfsd
nfsstat
ngettext
nhfsgraph
nhfsnums
nhfsrun
nhfsstone
nice
nm
nmbd
nmblookup
nntpd
nntptest
nohup
nologin
notifyd
nroff
nscd
nseq
nsgmls
nslookup
nsupdate
ntlm_auth
ntpd
ntpdate
ntpdc
ntpq
ntpstat
ntptime
ntptrace
ntsysv
numactl
  objcopy
objdump
ocsp
od
oddjobd
onsgmls
openjade
openssl
openvt
oqmgr
orbd
osgmlnorm
ospam
ospcat
ospent
ownership
  pand
paps
parted
partprobe
partx
passwd
paste
patch
pathchk
pax
pccardctl
pcregrep
pcretest
pcscd
pdbedit
pdf2dsc
pdf2ps
pdffonts
pdfimages
pdfinfo
pdfopt
pdftohtml
pdftops
pdftotext
perror
pf2afm
pfbtopfa
pfbtops
pftp
pgawk
pgrep
php-config
php
phpize
pic
pic2graph
pickup
piconv
pidof
pinfo
ping
ping6
pinky
pipe
pkg-config
pkill
plipconfig
pluginviewer
pman
pmap
pod2html
pod2latex
pod2man
pod2text
pod2usage
podchecker
podselect
policytool
pop3d
pop3test
popd
portmap
postalias
postcat
postconf
postdrop
postfix
postgres
postkick
postlock
postlog
postmap
postmaster
postqueue
postsuper
poweroff
ppm2tiff
pppd
pppdump
pppoe
pppstats
pr
prelink
printafm
printenv
printf
procmail
profiles
protoize
prove
proxymap
ps
psed
psql
pstack
pstree
pstruct
ptar
ptardiff
ptx
pushd
pvchange
pvck
pvcreate
pvdisplay
pvmove
pvremove
pvresize
pvs
pvscan
pwck
pwconv
pwd
pwdx
pwmconfig
pwunconv
python
  qmgr
qmqpd
qshape
quota
quotacheck
quotaon
quotastats
  racoon
racoonctl
ramsize
ranlib
ras2tiff
raw
raw2tiff
rawdevices
rcp
rdate
rdev
rdisc
rdist
rdjpgcom
rdump
read
readelf
readlink
readonly
readprofile
reboot
reconstruct
recountdiff
red
rediff
refer
reindexdb
reject
rename
renice
replace
repquota
req
reset
resize2fs
resizecons
resolveip
restore
restorecon
restorecond
return
rev
revpath
rexec
rfcomm
rgb2ycbcr
rlogin
rm
rmdir
rmid
rmmod
rmnews
rmt
rnano
rootflags
rotatelogs
route
rpcclient
rpcdebug
rpcgen
rpcinfo
rsa
rsautl
rsh
rsvg
rsync
ruby
runcon
runlevel
runuser
rvi
rview
rvim
  safe_mysqld
saslauthd
scache
scp
script
sdiff
sdpd
sdptool
sechecker
secon
sed
sediff
seinfo
selinux
selinuxenabled
semanage
sensors
seq
serialver
servertool
service
sesearch
sestatus
set
setarch
setenforce
setfacl
setfattr
setfiles
setfont
setkey
setkeycodes
setleds
setmetamode
setpci
setquota
setsebool
setserial
setsid
setterm
sfdisk
sftp
sg
sgpio
sh
sha
shift
shopt
showkey
showmount
showq
shred
shutdown
sieveshell
sivtest
size
skill
slabtop
slattach
sleep
sln
slogin
smartctl
smartd
smbcacls
smbclient
smbcontrol
smbcquotas
smbd
smbget
smbpasswd
smbspool
smbstatus
smbtar
smbtree
smime
smmapd
smtp
smtpd
smtptest
snice
snmpd
snmptrapd
sntp
soelim
sort
sosreport
source
spam
spamassassin
spamc
spamd
spawn
speed
spent
spkac
splain
split
splitdiff
sprof
sqlite3
squatter
ssh-add
ssh-agent
ssh-copy-id
ssh-keygen
ssh-keyscan
ssh-keysign
ssh
sshd
sslpasswd
sslrand
sslswamp
stat
statd
strace
strings
strip
stty
stunnel
su
sudo
sudoedit
suexec
sulogin
sum
suspend
svcgssd
swapoff
swapon
symlinks
sync
sysctl
sysklogd
syslogd
systool
  tac
tack
tail
tailf
talk
tar
taskset
tbl
tclsh
tcpd
tcpdump
tcpslice
tcsh
tdbbackup
tdbdump
tdbtool
tee
telinit
telnet
test
testparm
tfmtodit
tftp
thumbnail
tic
tiff2bw
tiff2pdf
tiff2ps
tiff2rgba
tiffcmp
tiffcp
tiffdither
tiffdump
tifficc
tiffinfo
tiffmedian
tiffset
tiffsplit
time
times
timsieved
tload
tls_prune
tlsmgr
tmpwatch
tnameserv
toe
top
touch
tput
tr
trace
tracepath
traceroute
trap
tree
troff
TRUE
tset
tsort
tty
tune2fs
tunelp
type
typeset
tzselect
  ucs2any
udevcontrol
udevd
udevinfo
udevmonitor
udevsettle
udevtest
udevtrigger
ul
ulimit
umap
umask
umount
unalias
uname
unexpand
unexpunge
uniq
unix2dos
unlink
unprotoize
unset
unwrapdiff
unzip
unzipsfx
updatedb
uptime
urlview
useradd
userdel
userhelper
userinfo
usermod
usermount
usernetctl
userpasswd
users
usleep
uuidgen
  vacuumdb
vbetool
vconfig
vdir
verify
version
vfstest
vi
vidmode
view
vigr
vim
vimdiff
vimtutor
vipw
virtual
visudo
vmstat
vol_id
volname
vpddecode
vsftpd
  w
wait
wall
warnquota
watch
wbinfo
wc
webalizer
wftopfa
wget
whatis
whereis
which
whiptail
who
whoami
whois
winbindd
wish
write
wrjpgcom
wtpt
  xargs
xfs
xgettext
xglyph
xmkmf
xmlcatalog
xmllint
xmlwf
xqmstats
xsltproc
xsubpp
xulrunner
xxd
  yes
ypbind
ypcat
ypchfn
ypchsh
ypmatch
yppasswd
yppoll
ypset
yptest
ypwhich
yum
  zcat
zcmp
zdiff
zdump
zforce
zgrep
zic
zip
zipgrep
zipinfo
zless
zmore
znew
zsoelim

The following resources contain additional information on Unix. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this topic.

Useful Links on Unix

  • Bell Labs − The Creation of the UNIX Operating System. Gives overview and history of UNIX operating system.
  • BSD UNIX − FreeBSD is an advanced UNIX operating system for modern server, desktop, and embedded computer platforms.
  • Linux Online − Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world.
  • Unix @ Wikipedia − A brief description of Unix Operating system.

Useful Books on Unix

  • UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook
  • Classic Shell Scripting
  • Unix Shell Programming
  • Unix Shell Programming
  • UNIX Systems Programming
  • Unix System Programming

Discuss Unix / Linux

Unix is a computer Operating System which is capable of handling activities from multiple users at the same time. The development of Unix started around 1969 at AT&T Bell Labs by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. This tutorial gives a very good understanding on Unix.

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